Learning Blog

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Many behaviors are followed by punishment: any consequence of a behavior that makes that behavior less likely to recur.

There's a simple rule to clarify it: if the term includes the word reinforcement, it makes the behavior happen more often; if the term includes punishment, it makes the behavior happen less often, whether it is positive or negative. Like reinforcement, punishment can be positive (getting something undesirable) or negative (removing something desirable). For example, a parent who spanks a child for cursing is using positive punishment. But a parent who takes away a child’s handheld video game system is using negative punishment. Of course, both punishments are intended to reduce the cursing behavior. This really stood out to me because growing up there was a lot of reinforcements and punishments in my family, and now I know why my parents did what they did. 


Positive Punishment: This type of punishment is also known as "punishment by an application." Positive punishment involves presenting an aversive stimulus after a behavior has occurred. For example, when a student talks out of turn in the middle of class, the teacher might scold the child for interrupting her.

Negative Punishment: This type of punishment is also known as "punishment by removal." Negative punishment involves taking away a desirable stimulus after a behavior has occurred. For example, when the student from the previous example talks out of turn again, the teacher promptly tells the child that he will have to miss recess because of his behavior.



"Punishment may make us obey the orders we are given, but at best it will only teach an obedience to authority, not a self-control which enhances our self-respect."


-Bruno Bettelheim






Sources
https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/punishment
Week 7_Chapter_Pomerantz1e_Learning.pdf
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-punishment-2795413

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